Bibliography

 Primary 1. William Gregory, Chronicle of London. (Historical Collections of a Citizen of London in the 15th Century. London: 1876) pp. 212 It’s a 15th Century English chronicle that describes various events that occurred in the War of the Roses. It contains a description of the use of arquebusiers in the second battle of St. Alban’s. Secondary 1. Addie A. Knight. A Study of History --(II). (New England Journal of Education, Vol. 10, No. 11. October 2, 1879) pp.177 The subject of this source is a brief history of England beginning in the 15th Century. It’s the only scholarly article I could find that mentions one of the battles of St. Alban’s. Primary 2. John Warkworth. Chronicle. (London, 1839) It’s a 15th Century English chronicle that describes important events in the War of the Roses. It contains a description of the impact of artillery in the siege of Bamborough. Secondary 2. Cora L. Scofield. The Movements of the Earl of Warwick in the Summer of 1464. (The English Historical Review, Vol. 21, No. 84, October 1906) pp. 733 The subject of this source is the movements of the Earl of Warwick during the summer of 1464. It’s the only scholarly article I could find that mentions the siege of Bamborough. Primary 3. John Warkworth (London, 1839) It’s a 15th Century English chronicle that describes important events in the War of the Roses. It mentions Edward IV’s contingent of Flemish gunners and the use of artillery in the Battle of Barnet. Secondary 3. Devin Fields. Barnet, Tewkesbury, and London: The Year of Three Battles. (Medieval Warfare, Vol. 9, No. 4, Oct/Nov 2019) pp. 29 The subject of this source is three decisive battles in the War of the Roses in the year 1471. It describes the use of gunpowder artillery bombardment in the Battle of Barnet. Primary 4. J. Bruce, ed. Historie of the Arrivall of Edward IV in England. (London, 1838) It’s an early English history of Edward IV’s return to England in the middle years of the War of the Roses. It mentions Queen Margaret’s investment in artillery. Secondary 4. Devin Fields, Barnet, Tewkesbury, and London, pp. 33 The subject of this source is three decisive battles in the War of the Roses. It describes how Queen Margaret was not able to deploy her artillery and how Edward IV used his to great effect in the Battle of Tewkesbury. Primary 5. Michael Bennett. The Battle of Bosworth. (St. Martin’s Press, 1985, rev. 1993) pp. 170-175 It’s a 15th Century English ballad that describes Henry Tudor’s victory at the Battle of Bosworth Field. It contains a description of arquebusiers’ volleys of lead pellets. Secondary 5. Joseph Hall. To kill a king: The Stanleys in the War of the Roses. (Medieval Warfare, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2015) pp. 39-40 The subject of this source is the role of the Stanley family in shaping the outcome of the War of the Roses. It mentions the use of artillery in the Battle of Bosworth Field

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The Second Battle of Saint Alban's

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       I can see by thy parchments and pens thou art a scrivener, and a chronicler thou say .  Now what beings thee, lad, to the finest alehouse in York ?  Thou art writing a chronicle of the civil wars and are searching for an old soldier to tell his tale ?  Well, thou did come to the right place for tis true old soldiers are right fond of ale and telling tales . I will tell thee mine for a pint, for I was a soldier myself and a gunner   at that, which thou might have guessed since we gunners talk louder than most .   I fought for his grace, the Duke of York ( God rest his soul ), his good son King Edward the IV ( God rest him ), and eventually for his other son, King Richard III ( I don't much care whether God rests his soul or not ) .  Now then, I imagine thou’ll be wanting to hear about the diverse battles and combats of the civil wars, so I'll begin with my very first battle .  It was the second battle of Sa...
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